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The project ran 8-month anti-corruption media campaign between February –October 2005 and aimed at promotion of political committment and education of the public on impacts of corruption to the soicety as defined by editors' task force.

The start of the project and corruption issues have been the main topic of one-hour TV programme produced and aired by Channel 25 in November 2004. The programme involved project partners; H.Naranjargal(GI) and S.Bayaraa (ZORIG Foundation), Ganhuyag, corruption researcher and Enktor, head of department of economic crime of the General Investigative Police. Main topic was how to combat corruption and the participants informed the public on need to combat corruption, results of corruption perception studies in Mongolia , problems faced by the police and access to information as part of good governance , and so on.

The project partners called the contest for the best media campaign and 6 daily newspapers and Seruuleg, weekly national tabloid and Mongolina National Radio involved to the contest. During the media campaign 571 materials have been produced and it reached app. 51 ,20 600 readers every month. 78.2 % of the population (56.1% in the provinces and 21.1% in Ulaanbaatar) recieve the information from Mongolian National Radio.

The contest was assessed by the authoritative and professional jury consisted from 3 persons and Unen, daily newspaper and Mongolian National Radio became the prize-winners.

Mongolian Radio has produced 11 radio spots educating the public on the corruption nature. Channel 25 has produced 3 spots and Mongolian National TV - 6 spots on the corruption types. The public of Mongolia generally understands the corruption only as bribery so that is why it was agreed by campaign strategy to focus on the corruption types.

In order to encourage editors of Mongolian media to run 8-month anti-corruption media campaign, the project partners have organized 8 editors' sessions during the period of November 8 and December 8, 2004.

The project staff has written a letter of call to media leaders followed by intensive telephone calls to encourage their participation in the editors' sessions. Letters have been accepted positively by editors of the most of national newspapers and broadcasting media attended the sessions.

The first editors' session was held on November 8 2004 and as its result leaders of 5 media outlets: Mr. Altai, director of Channel 25 TV, Ms. Dulamsuren, director of TV9, Mr. Sandagdorj, Chief-in-Editor of Monglolyn Media (Mongolian News), daily, Ms. Budeehuu, sub-editor of Unen (The Truth), daily, Mr. Otgondavaa, sub-editor of Deedsiin amidral (Elite's life), weekly have expressed their willingness to support to media campaign. The project staff and partners are organising the 2d editors' session on Friday, 12 November 2004.

S.Oyun, MP, H.Naranjargal, Head of Globe International and M.Monkhmandakh, director of Press Institute had spoken on need of public awareness through media, role of freedom of information and importance of development of investigative journalism.

Ms. S. Oyun, MP noted that 2 issues are important in combating corruption. These are political commitment and change of the public attitude. She also thanked the editors for their commitment and stressed that media can play a big role in combating corruption. She paid an attention to 4 most important issues that media should include in their campaigning. These are: an income disclosure of public officials, political parties' funding, transparency of election funding and access to information.

After the presentations editors and their representatives exchanged their views and opinions and they debated on difficulties and problems facing media and investigative journalists in covering corruption issues, and discussed about actions should be taken to make the project successful.

Editors' session No 2 was held on 12 November 2004 and involved 17 participants. Guests were Ms. S. Oyun, PM, Mr. D.Lundeejantsan, PM and chairman of National Commission of National Anti-Corruption Programme (NACP), Mr. D.Altangerel, Secretary of NACP and S.Nergui, executive director of NGO Combating Corruption. Network.

Mr. Lundeejantsan stressed that Mongolian Parliament is going to discuss amendments to the Electoral Laws, Public Broadcasting Law and Law on Combating Corruption, which will be passed by the Parliament next year. Parliament is also considering changes in the Law on Reviewing and Solving Citizens' Complaints to the state institutions and state officials. He hopes that such measurements will take contribution to creation of more favorable environment for combating corruption. He mentioned that Mongolia is studying an enactment of UN Anti-Corruption Convention.

Need for Law on Access to Information
Protection of information sources
Media is not capable to investigate cases because investigative reporting is expensive
State secrecy laws of Mongolia are too strict so it is used as censorship
Defamatory provision of Criminal Law very strict that journalists easily get imprisoned
Mongolian journalists do not have ethical principles
The public's knowledge on corruption is poor and they perceive it as normal
Ethical society is the most pressing issue in Mongolia
Journalists' organization is not strong to protect members and does not serve the journalists.

Task force represented by 8 media outlets met on 17 November 2004 and discussed ideas on how to run an efficient media campaign.

Editors' task force meeting was held on 22 November 2004 and involved 15 participants.

500 00 people out of total 2.5 mln. inhabitants of Mongolia are considered to be most active but most of them have relations:

Mongolians speak about corruption for many years unfortunately, the society is getting adapted to the term. Adoption of Anti-corruption law in 1996 and National Anti-corruption Programme gives the public understanding that Government is committed to fight corruption. When record on corruption expose as crime, the statistics are low so people think there are no serious cases. Indeed, it is not. Parliament, Executive power and the Courts must be committed to fight and it can be done in 3 ways:

Media should focus on such issues as finance of political parties, election financing, appointments to the high positions and license and tender issues.

Corruption is considered as abuse of power. It is said absolute power absolutely corrupts. People justify that state officials get low salaries so they get corrupted. It is not true. It is proved that salary may be one of the factors. In Mongolia single MP gets 500 000 MNT and its was 200 000 MNT but we do not see that they get more ethical so greed is one of the human's nature. There should be a complex of measures to fight corruption.

Editors' task force meeting No 5 was held on 25 November 2004 and involved 10 participants.

As agreed in the last meeting Ms. Sarantuya, Senior Judge of Sukhbaatar district Court was invited to the meeting.

Discussion focused on defamation cases against journalists. Ms. Sarantuya introduced the participants with concept of Criminal Law of Mongolia. The new Criminal law came into force in 01 September 2002. She said that journalists be accused in accordance with 7-8 provisions of the Law. These are provisions related to disclosure and dissemination of state secrecy, and to affect person's reputation, honor and esteem. The Criminal Law has 4 categories of offence: primary, less indictable, indictable and serious indictable. Articles 117 and 118 are considered to be less indictable and journalists could be imposed fine in addition to imprisonment.

For example, Article 118 of states: " if offence is made by a person who was charged of a similar offence, or by way of publication in press, the person responsible shall be imposed a charge of compulsory works of 1 and half years or half years or a penalty of MNT 200 000 and 800 000"

Article 117.1 says: " if due to false accusation, the victim is to be charged with severe criminal offence, the person responsible shall be charged for up to 4 years imprisonment.

These provisions were used for journalists Eredentuya, " Mongolyn Neg Odor" weekly newspaper and Handdolgor, "Ug" opposition newspaper.

The Criminal law contains 302 Articles and in judges' opinion it is very hard and strict law. The above provisions are not considered as primary crimes. It creates difficulties in freedom expression. The laws are amended by legislators and if journalists want they are able to lobby them. You should write about it.

Freedom of information includes groups of rights. These are rights to obtain, seek, receive and disseminate information. Freedoms of seek and receive information are guaranteed by Article 16.17 of the Constitution.

Mongolia has ratified Universal Human Rights Declaration and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights so Article 19 of a both documents is accepted as local legislation according to Article 10 of the Constitution. It means that our right to know is guaranteed by the Constitution but in the reality the picture is different. As of 2001 there are 91 laws, which include provisions related to freedoms of expression, information and media and 51 of them pure restrictions or obligations imposed by the Government to mass media like past tradition. Number of such laws is increasing.

Right to access information is not only journalists' right. It is the public's right. Unfortunately, Mongolian citizens cannot obtain information. We need a law regulating freedom of information.

As concerns media regulation it is one of the crucial problems of Mongolian media. Mongolian journalists still do not have National Code of ethics. Editorial independence is not guaranteed in media outlets, there are no any media council, media ombudsman and ethical committee or commission at journalists' organization.

Self- regulation is accepted as an efficient method of solving problems and libel cases within the journalistic community.

It is agreed to invite representatives of NGOs working in education, health and environment filed.

Editors' task force meeting was held on 29 November 2004 and 11 participants attended.

M. Narantuya, Street law NGO
B.Mashbadrakh, Association of public health
D.Galbaatar, UN Biodiversity project

Corruption in education is abuse of equal rights to education and quality. Corruption is visible in decision- making processes of planning, management and activities. Factors that influence are organizational, socio-political, cultural and economic.

Information system
Building new schools
Appointments, employment of teachers (favoritism, nepotism, bribery)
Issuing diplomas and licenses
Procurement (techniques, textbooks)
Teachers' behavior
Special benefits
Exams, diploma works

Health sector has the similar to education problems. Corruption is high in policy-making and implementation processes. We need to conduct corruption surveys in the field. For example, the Government calls tender for medicines. If look at rules and procedures, it seems everything is fair If carefully review the details it creates condition for serious corruption. Just very simple practice at hospitals is that patient was told no beds but if you pay 40,000MNT the bed appears from somewhere. Usually there long lines to see a doctor and nurse says if the patient pays for her lunch she can organize free queue service. Changing people's mentality is very important. There are no professional standards and job requirements (profiles) for the leading positions at hospitals. If you want to be a head of the hospital, you should be a member of party or you have be a part of groups with interests. In this case the leader is not bale control others.

Media is powerful in combating corruption but our journalists do not write about corruption. Journalists should be informed and educated. They should use as many information sources as possible.

If Mongolia wants to be developed, we should fight corruption. This is the first and primary goal. In Mongolia people become politicians because they want to rich. When person becomes a leader he forms his team. Corruption begins in such way. Anybody in the team is not able to speak out or criticize the boss so it creates favorable condition for flourishing corruption.

People think environment is an easy field. Indeed, it is not and it includes many sciences. If leaders are professionals in the field, the decisions can be right and fair. Non-professionals often make big mistakes. Only example, there is so called wild white mouse and it is part of ecosystem that regulates its death and raise. Mongolia fights against mouse over 40 years and statistics said Mongolia has spent 800 mln. MNT for destroying (killing) the mouse since 2000 and as results of the measure many animals have been died. Many professionals say it is wrong but no results because it is corrupted network of purchasing and procurement of poison.

Another corrupted area is issuing of all types of licenses: land in protected areas, hunting, selling highly expensive animals and plants, usage of forest, cutting trees and mineral resources and mining business. Corruption is at all the stages and processes.

Good surveys and studies on corruption in every social sphere are urgent need
Public discussion and debates are important and journalists should moderate it
Journalists should focus on political appointment. It will be met a big resistance but it will disclose a lot of hidden things
Journalists should cooperate with professionals and civil society groups
Journalists should write about license obtaining rules and processes
Ethics is the most crucial issues in every field and it must be top priority

Editors' task force meeting was organized on 2 December 2004 and attended by 12 participants.

Mrs., Violeda Umali, and associate professor of School of communication from Philippine was invited to the meeting.

She worked in Ulaanbaatar between 29 November – 03 December 2004 and goal of her visit was to introduce Mongolian teachers and journalists with media content analysis and development of methodology of content analysis in cooperation with 2 Mongolian researchers: Choisamba, Ph.D and Bazar, MA. She conducted one-day training for journalism teachers and attended editors task force meeting taking presentation: Towards a more socially responsible journalism: Content analysis in the serve of the mass media.

The trainer showed how media practitioners could use content analysis to identify their strengths and weaknesses, understand the personal and social actors that influence the way they practice their profession, and assess the possible impact of the way they cover issues and personalities on individuals and the society.

The organizers invited international donors to meet task force and the above organizations kindly received our request.

WB representatives told about WB anti-corruption strategy and its priority in Mongolia . Journalists can use WB center of distance education through knowledge network. WB targets at government officials, some NGOs and media. WB Institute is more active on South East ASia and Pacific countries. WB in Mongolia is more focused on budget transparency, public discussion on budget planning and implementation and state procurement. 2 types of loans are provided for poverty education and strengthening of economic capacity. WB also works on building management capacity and promote Commission of State Department.

As said Ms. Sukhjargalmaa UNDP has spent app. 290 000 MT between 1997-2000 for mass media development, manly supporting Press Institute's activities in the provinces. UNDP is re-considering strategy in relation to formation of the Big Coalition Government as result of the last Parliamentarian Elections. Policy on governance is closely linked to poverty reduction. Public oversight is very important. Mass media will be a part of this. UNDP also focuses on administrative reforms. As part of National Anti-corruption programme, investigative journalism, raining and re-training of journalists are one of vital roles.

Open Society Forum has been cooperating with Globe International on development of freedom of information legislation and media self –regulation.

Agreed to call a contest for the best media campaign and the project staff is tasked to develop contest guidelines

Mrs., Violeda Umali, and associate professor of University of Philippines College of Mass Communication worked in Ulaanbaatar between 29 November – 03 December 2004 and goal of her visit was to familiarize media practitioners and researchers in Mongolia on the nature, applications, methodology and benefits of content analysis.

Mongolian researchers: Choisamba, Ph.D and Bazar, Ph.D. in assistance with r. S. Bayaraa, interpreter and media researcher involved to training programme and gained knowledge on:

Researchers in cooperation with the trainer intensively worked and have developed methodology. They also have acquired specific skills on conceptualizing content analysis studies, designing content analysis instruments, data gathering and using SPSS for processing and analyzing data and preparing the content analysis report.

Total 20 participants; 18 journalism teachers and project staff was trained attending one-day workshops. I addition to the topics that were covered by the above workshop this session reinforced a lively discussion on how receptive the Mongolian government and politic leaders are to the content analysis studies that were previously conducted by some of the participants. The trainer also shared how content analysis has been harnessed the Philippines to analyze media's coverage of the national elections, women issues, children rights, community and rural issues, and other societal concerns.

Mongolian researchers Mrs. Ch.Bazar Ph.D, Mr.Ch.Choisamba Ph.D in journalism have conducted the content analysis on anti- corruption publications and materials since January 1, 2005 till September 25, 2005. The aim of the research was to analysis how the Mongolian media covered corruption issues which is the serious problem of the soceity.

In this research was involved 6 daily newpapers and 2 ten days tabloid and 5 TV channels. Regarding the TV broadcasting, the content analysis was made only on the news program.

2 (“Seruuleg”, “Mongol times) of 13 media outlets have officially stated they have been involved to media campaign started by Globe intenational in cooperation with Zorig Foundation and Press Institute. During the content analisys made time, 13 media outlets has published and broadcasted 765 articles and materials totally: 555 newpaper publications and 210 TV news program. The research has not covered media performance of corruption in the abroad.

Newpapers allocated 262.787 sm.square of space devoted to corruption issues and televison channels dedicated 7 hour, 38 min, 17 seconds of airtime. 262.787 sm.square of space equal to 150 page of newspaper “ Century news”. 147 or 26.5 % of materials were published in the front page.

For 141 newpaper publication and 48 TV news the corruption was main topic and for the 414 newpaper publications and 162 TV news was related topic. Direct concern of corruption issues has determined how the media outlets has devoted their performance for the anti-corruption campaign such us how to create legally fair environment and how to combat against corruption, how to reveal corruption cases to the society.

If consider how the total number of corruption materials increase over the research time, it has greatly increased in April and May compare to rest of months. 40 % of total corrution covered materials has been published only in April and May by the print media. The researchers reported that some political events, including citizen's movement Healthy Soceity (CMHS) combating against corruption and unjustice of goverment officials and the deadline for reporting income orders of MPs and discussion of the law on Political Parties and the beginning of Presendential election campaign also influenced to increase of corruption issues.

The researchers used the methodology that devised by the trainer from Philippine and SPSS software programme. Basic information about the materials analyzed included in the list of variables, which are as follows:

Title of media outlets
Date of publishing and airing materials
Name of author and correspondent
Exact size of square space and duration of airtime
Genre of materials
Topic / main or related /
Photos & Cartoons, if exists, it's size
Mentioned personalities
Mentioned organization
Published page number
Mentioned or not the journalist's commentary
Mentioned or not the source of information
Type of source ( verbal or documental )

Media research on investigative materials found out how the Mongolian media has covered particular cases of corruption and described the content and structure of the reports/features on corruption, evaluated the coverage of corruption case, determined the similarities and differences in the way different media sources covered corruption issues, presented the data-based assessment of the performance of media in its coverage.

Researches produced mid-term and final reports on the results of their research and in order to discuss the possible impact of the coverage on audiences and to offer some recommendations on how it may be improved the reports were presented to the public through media and the meetings.

The mid-term report, which's enclosed to the progress report #2 , was presented at the introduction meeting held on August 10, 2005.

26 media and NGO representatives attended the meeting. The meeting also introduced the participants in the progress of media campaign contest. 6 journalists from daily newspapers and Mongolian National Radio have been encouraged for their active participation in the anti-corruption campaign.

The final content analysis report was presented at the final seminar held on 10 October 2005.

The project organized 2 types of workshops for the journalists; basic investigative reporting and workshops to produce media materials,

Investigative reporting workshop was organized on January 20- 21, 2005 and involved in total 37 journalists: 20 from Ulaanbaatar and 18 from 17 provinces. 11 local trainers conducted the workshop and it covered the following topics on what is investigative reporting, why investigative journalism, legal environment for journalistic investigations in Mongolia, corruption, types of corruption, corruption as the main topic of investigative reporting, how to investigate the corruption, in-depth research and information sources, obstacles enfaced during investigations of corruption reporting, media freedom and censorship, access to information, possibilities for journalists, hidden issues, information sources and how to protect them, ethics of investigative journalism and civic participation

Press Institute- the project partner had organized workshops to produce media materials, which consisted from 120 hours of in-depth on-hand workshops and consultancy training

The journalists had attended the correspondence workshops on investigating corruption from February 16 to April 1, 2005. The workshops were conducted by 4 teachers of Press Institute. 20 journalists attended the workshops and they have been formed into 4 groups. The workshops aimed at organizing advanced investigations on certain corruption cases and gather information for producing materials, deepen knowledge of journalists on in depth research and improve journalists' skills on investigative methods. The principles of the workshops were work as team, new knowledge-new lecture and new idea and new document.

The journalists have gained the knowledge on the story angle, how to work with the documents, how to collect information, how to work in legal and ethics frame, how to analyze the data, how to develop the database, how to find sources, how to focus on investigations and etc.

Since the teamwork is not widely recognized by journalistic community it was difficult to create the atmosphere and understand each other. At the beginning the journalists did not want to share information they gathered and they explained it as avoiding disclosure of information they are investigating. The teamwork required the journalists to be more responsible for the works they do and at first it was difficult to achieve the objectives. However, due to efforts of the teachers and journalists the teams successfully achieved the results.

Secondly, the team should have been used CAR but educational team did not managed doing it.

The journalists worked in education, health, environment and economic fields and prepared the research reports and the papers translated and sent to the international expert as results of the workshops.

Globe International engaged Yvonne Chua, from Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism the services of the undersigned from April 11 to April 17, 2005 as consultant to: (1) evaluate the investigations that four teams of journalists are doing under the supervision of trainers from the Mongolian Press Institute and (2) prepare the teams to write their findings.

The trainer worked with journalists and stressed to the journalists the importance of:

Independent verification of allegations made by human sources or documents through multiple sourcing (e.g. The health team relied only on the letter alleging wrongdoing against the former CEO.)
Adequate background research to know the law, process, system before launching their investigations (e.g. The environment team failed to study fully the law and decrees/orders on protected areas. The agriculture team hasn't checked international standards.)
Providing context (e.g. The health team still didn't know much about the history of the company and the former CEO.)
Adequate documentation (e.g. The education team was unable to photograph the transactions between the applicant and middleman.)
Pumping important sources for as much information as they can even during the first meeting (e.g. The agriculture team assumed it would be given a copy of the full report, only to discover that the state inspector later refused to cooperate after premature publication of the summary report)

Some of the journalists were apparently under the impression that the evidence that they collect must be able to stand up in court. The differences between the evidence the journalists gather and the evidence that investigators gather were explained.

The teams had difficulty organizing data and structuring stories. Many struggled with their leads. They also tended to bury their findings of their investigations in the stories, as well as fail to appreciate the importance of adding color to the stories through succinct quotes, anecdotes, description. Some journalists tended to editorialize or include their personal opinion in the stories, as well as include unverified information or rumors in the story. Some journalists themselves acknowledged that the practice has put the press in a bad light: Readers tend to think that news reports are just rumors.

As results of the above workshops four teams of 20 journalists developed corruption stories in the education, health, economy and environment, which they obtained from highly informed sources. 3 of 12 investigative materials are radio programmes and others are newspaper publications. Ardyn Erkh, daily has published all the investigative articles.

Title: Corruption is Everybody's Concern, 3 radio programmes; 10 min, 20 min, 10 min

A public company- Mongolemimpex (51% state-owned) is saddled with huge losses and debts after its former CEO imported medicines at exorbitant prices and its outlets could not sell the medicines, which are costlier than those sold by other drug stores. Medicines worth about 2.6 billion Mongolian tugrics remain unsold over the years. The former CEO also accumulated property and businesses – apartment buildings, a 1,600-square-meter lot, car garage, and drug stores – beyond his means during this period. The former CEO was appointed to his position because he was a classmate of the former health minister.

Permanent structures are rising in two valleys in Bogd Khan Uul, a protected area, a violation of the law that allows only temporary structures for tourism and research purposes. The construction of a concrete transit hotel and 20 other houses in Jargalant Valley , by no less than the state-run General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA), was made possible by a string of orders issued by the Ministry of Environment that effectively circumvented the law. The houses are being built for government officials like the President, GACA head, prime minister and the tax authority head. Construction in Nukt Valley followed the recent sale by the government of its decades-old summer houses to individuals, possibly including members of Parliament, who are replacing the temporary structures with concrete houses.

Several students enter the National University of Mongolia's Law School , the most prestigious law school in the country, under questionable circumstances. They buy answers to the entrance exams from a middleperson acting as a front for two examiners. Students pay their way into the school without having to take the exam; the bribe money is given to an examiner. Two other examiners conduct clandestine review classes for students willing to pay a hefty sum. A regulation of the Ministry of Education that allows students who pay a donation (development fund) to be admitted to the law school has deprived deserving students who cannot afford to shell out the fee of entering the school. A number of graduates from the law school also never attended classes, exceeded the allowable number of absences, or were never recorded as having entered the school.

This team of journalists refused to publish the 3d material because they fear that they would be threaten, attached or imprisoned. Instead of it they have written the material titled Freedom to Journalists of which full text is submitted to this report and published in the newspaper Ardyn Erkh. .

4. Field: Economy, 3 materials

A company that cornered a fat government contract to produce in Mongolia three anti-parasitical preparations for livestock breached the terms of its contract by importing these from China , which has not been admitted to the International Veterinary Organization. The preparations meet Mongolian standards, but fall short of international standards. There is suspicion that the Mongolian standards were drawn up to favor the company as a number of the preparations are already banned in other countries. Tests by the state inspection bureau show the imported preparations are substandard, forcing livestock raisers to double the dosage, which might have detrimental effects when the meat is consumed by humans. The company won the supply contract in 2002, 2003 and 2004 because it is well-connected. The owner's connections extend to investigative agencies handling complaints filed against the firm. It has resorted to a court suit to harass a state inspector who reported negative findings.

The final seminar was held on 10 October 2005 at Conference Hall of Open Society Forum and involved 55 participants representing media, NGO and foreign embassies. The final seminar discussed the final results of the content analysis, draft action plan and included the prize-giving ceremony of the contest on the best anti-corruption media campaign.

Researchers Ph.D. Ch.Bazar and Ph. D Ch. Choisamba introduced the participants with the results

of the media content analysis. Ms. R.Ouyntsetseg, tacher of Press Institute has reported on

challenges and difficulties in the development of the investigative journalism and Mr. S. Bayaraa,

consultant, Zorig Foundation introduced the draft of action plan for the development of the investigative journalism furthermore and challenged the participants more focus on this issue. After the presentations the project implementers and representatives of media outlets exchanged their views and opinions on difficulties and problems facing media and investigative journalists in covering corruption issues and discussed on draft of action plan.

Mongolian journalists are highly self-censored because of outside pressures.

Political censorship is getting higher since the Grand Coalition Government and it is getting more difficult to work

Media should be developed free of economic pressure

Journalists' organization must be strong and protect the journalists

Journalists should be educated in the legal framework of media

Journalists should join their efforts and reinforce campaign for lobbying on favorable legal environment

Journalists need legal protection and should be legally guaranteed right to investigate

Media outlet is always responsible before the Courts even if some false facts exposed in the interviews. The person who provided this false information is out of responsibility

Journalists write and expose the corruption facts, but nobody is taking actions, specially the police

Journalists need in journalism club system

Journalists should cooperate with civil society organizations to make their works ore efficient

Mr.H.Tsevlee, the famous journalist and senior jury of the campaign “Corruption is everybody's concern ” noted that the corruption manages the country and it is good start of journalists to combat corruption. We appreciate those journalists contributed their time and heart to the anti-corruption campaign. The project opened new opportunities for the development of investigative reporting. There are so many good stories and educational articles. The investigative team of journalists was established first time in our journalism history and they did good job. He also emphasized that the journalists

Promotion through newspaper & TV programme: The 4 th Estate Against Corruption

In order to reinforce the wide discussion that the journalists can share their experience of conducting investigations to inspire other journalists as well as calling attention of the public and authorities to the problems of investigative reporting in a hostile environment, the project published an A4 material, titled " Freedom to Journalists!" in Odriin Sonin(Daily News),, daily newspaper and a 40-minute TV progamme was produced by Yahuu production studio on 10 October 2005 and aired by Channel 25 on 13 October 2005. 12 people; journalists, journalism teachers, researchers and H.Naranjargal, GI President attended the TV programme, which informed the public in the nature and types of corruption and discussed the role of media in combating corruption and problems in the development of investigative journalism in Mongolia. The programme supported by 6 spots featuring the corruption types.

The final content analysis report and draft action plan have been published in Odriin Sonin along with the information on the importance and significance of the project, and article: Access to information and corruption.

It is hoped that the public and more journalists realized the need to lobby for a friendly legal environment for the media. We see the involvement of journalists in the current campaign by civil society to strike down anti-media laws and promote press freedom and the right to information is vital.

The draft action plan was developed by the project partners as results of discussions during the editors' sessions, workshops and the evaluations of investigations. The draft action plan was published in the daily newspaper in order to encourage the public contribution. Not many responses received, but some of ordinary citizens reacted.

Mr. Haidav called to our office and his concern was about the Constitutional provision on guaranteeing " citizen's freedom to seek and receive information not protected by the State and its institutions" . He suggests taking out the sentence " not protected by the State and its institutions". He also stressed that right to disseminate information also must be guaranteed by the Constitution.