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Mongolian researchers Mrs. Ch.Bazar Ph.D, Mr.Ch.Choisamba Ph.D in journalism have conducted the content analysis on anti- corruption publications and materials since January 1, 2005 till September 25 of this year. The aim of the research was to analysis how the Mongolian media covered corruption issues which is the serious problem of the soceity.

In this research was involved 6 daily newpapers and 2 ten days tabloid and 5 TV channels. Regarding the TV broadcasting, the content analysis was made only on the news program.

2 (“Seruuleg”, “Mongol times) of 13 media outlets have officially stated they have been involved to media campaign started by Globe intenational in cooperation with Zorig Foundation and Press Institute. During the content analisys made time, 13 media outlets has published and broadcasted 765 articles and materials totally: 555 newpaper publications and 210 TV news program. The research has not covered media performance of corruption in the abroad.

Newpapers allocated 262.787 sm.square of space devoted to corruption issues and televison channels dedicated 7 hour, 38 min, 17 seconds of airtime. 262.787 sm.square of space equal to 150 page of newspaper “ Century news”. 147 or 26.5 % of materials were published in the front page.

For the 141 newpaper publication and 48 TV new program the corruption issues was main topic and for the 414 newpaper publications and 162 TV news was related topic. Direct concern of corruption issues has determined how the media outlets has devoted their performance for the anti-corruption campaign such us how to create legally fair environment and how to combat against corruption, how to reveal corruption cases to the society.

If consider how the total number of corruption materials increase over the research time, it has greatly increased in April and May compare to rest of months. 40 % of total corrution covered materials has published only in April and May on the print media. The researchers reported that some political events, including citizen's movement Healthy Soceity (CMHS) combating against corruption and unjustice of goverment officials and the deadline for reporting income orders of MPs and discussion of the law on Political Parties and the beginning of Presendential election campaign also influenced to increase of corruption issues.

Basic information about the materials analyzed included in the list of variables, which are as follows:

Title of media outlets
Date of publishing and airing materials
Name of author and correspondent
Exact size of square space and duration of airtime
Genre of materials
Topic / main or related /
Photos & Cartoons, if exists, it's size
Mentioned personalities
Mentioned organization
Published page number
Mentioned or not the journalist's commentary
Mentioned or not the source of information
Type of source ( verbal or documental )

The research analisysed all published and aired materials which have been involved to the anti-corruption media campaign of 6 daily newspapers “Onoodor' ( Today), “Odriin sonin” (Daily news), “ Unen” ( The Truth), “ Ardyn erh (People's right), “Zuuny medee” (Century news), “ Mongolyn medee” (Mongolian news ) and 10 days tabloid ‘Seruuleg” (The Bell), “Mongol times” and 5 TV channels ( MNTV, TV-5, TV-9, UBS, MN-25).

During the research covered period “ Seruuleg' (The Bell )10 days tabloid has published on the 26 issues totally 34 corruption concerned materials and has toped by number on per issue corruption concerned materials.

All journalism genres has been involved to the research, however the report and someone's statement regarding the corruption not included.

Total 280 materials (50.45) on print media published with photos or cartoons and rest 275 ( 49.6%) did not use any illustrations. All space of photos is 30.824 sm. square. It is equal to 17.5 page of newspaper “Zuuny medee“ (Century news)

Main principle of professianal journalism is always to relay on concrete source of information. 441 (79.5%) out of 555 newpaper materials referred to their information sources and rest 114 did not mentions their sources. 191 (86,1%) out of 210 TV news presented with information source. The information source has classified into two categories: oral or written. To the oral source belongs the someone's speech and the other concerned sources such as a report, program, law provisions, research, written account and convention has admitted to the written source of information. 270 (62.1%) out of 441 newspaper materilas has relied on the written source and 171 (37.9%) on oral source.

189 (24.7%) out of all materials of the corruption issues has written as main topic and for the rest 75.3 %, it considered as related topic. The reportages has presented mainly from meetings, demonstrations and confrences organized by CMHS.

Regarding to the research, in total 89 personalities mentioned in the corruption materials N.Enkhbayar, (former) Parliament Speaker is on the top and his name was mentioned 119 times. Out of them 96 times was in the print media and 23 times in the TV news. If analysis the 119 mentioned cases on 52 times his name has written positively and 67 negatively. The name of Mr. Enkhsaihan (MP) has mentioned 73 times in the media outlets. Out of them 39 time was positive and 34 negative. Mr.Enkhsaihan's name was published 55 times in the print media and as regards TV news was mentioned 18 times.

Meanwhile the name of Ts. Elbegdorj PM was mentioned 39 times and out of them 37 positive and 2 negative. The researches analyzed the frequency of the mentioned 39 cases and reported 27 was newspaper materials and 12 TV news.

7. S.Boldhet, President of private company “ Naran trade” - 8 (only negatively)

12. H. Batsuuri, State secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture 6 (pos-1, neg-5)

It should be noted that the journalists mostly has used general terms like "state authorities", transport prosecutor", " teachers", "officials", “ State secretary of the Ministry of Finance”, “governors”, “high ranking officials”, “ provincial authorities”. “police or custom officials”, “ministries”, “state secretary of the ministry”, “ tax officials”, “ rangers of Suuj mountain” and so on.

Due to the raised program against corruption Citizens' Movement "Healthy Society" are mentioned as most in the corruption materials. 96 mentioned times 68 was positive and 29 as negative because of involvement of CMHS themselves in the corruption cases. The mostly affected organizations in the corruption materials are:

Parliament - 46 (pos-24, neg-22)
General Customs Department - 43 (pos-13, neg-30)
MPRP - 27( pos-4, neg-23)
Legal institutions & procurator - 15(neg-15)
The Courts - 15(pos-1, neg-14)
The State - 12(pos-1,neg-11)
Citizen's will –Republican Party - 12 (only positively)
MSDP - 11(pos-11)
Ministry of Agriculture - 10 (pos-3, neg-7)
The Police- 8 (pos-1, neg-7)
The Minerals Authority - 8 (n-8)
State Inspection Department- 5(pos-1, neg-4)
Department of Traffic Police - 5 (only negatively)
D.P- 4(pos-1, neg-3)

8. Number of journalists, who published and broadcasted a corruption materials

From print media, totally 225 journalists have involved to the content analysis and published 555 corruption materials and 31 journalists from broadcasting media have presented in total 210 TV news program.

9. Journalists have expressed their opinions in the corruption materials or not

In the 150 publications or 27% out of total corruption materials, journalists have expressed their opninons. Meanwhile TV journalists have expressed their own opinion only in the 18 corruption concerned news program or 8.6%.

22% of total corruption concerned materials, published and broadcasted by journalistrs, who was leding their opinions and ideas.

1. The researchers report that, from the journalism genre in the anti-corruption media campaign dominants the article. (223) A large number of the published articles have written to raise anti- corruption feelings in the society and to educate the people.

2. 50,4% out of total corruption materials published with photo.Thus, journalists have used a photos from a neutral information source or published with composed illustrations about handling cash to somebody. It reveals that, the majority of journalist understood a corruption as only a bribery.

3. However, there are no legal documents regarding the guarantee of rights of gaining information in our country it is very positive that, 82.6% of total published and broadcasted corruption materials have written with relied information source.

4. It is not qualitatively sufficient that, only in the 189 or 24.7% of total corruption materials, the journalists have focused on corruption as main topic.

5. The political and social events usually have influenced to increase the corruption concerned publications and TV news, such us the CMHS meetings and the Presindential election campaign. It was the peak time of anti-corruption media campaign and a most of corruption materials have appeared in this period.

6. When the media outlets have focusing on the corruption issues, they evidently shows that they are in serve of some interested political and bissness group. For this reason a content of news and information which appears on the media outlets often has two sided meanings. It negatively results to mislead the audiences or to impose their will on them and to disclaim the information which presented by each another.

7. It is important to note that there are some materials which just mention the position of people without names. It negatively influence to the public control on corruption issues and to the follow-up action which should be taken from legal organization after publication. On the other hand, it also demonstrated that, there are no legal environment for the journalists to hide their source of information and still existing the self censorship among them.